NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science: Chapter-wise Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science are as follows:

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science: Chapter-wise Notes

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter-wise Notes have been provided below:

Chemical Reactions

The transformation of chemical substance into a new chemical substance by making and breaking of bonds between different atoms is known as Chemical Reaction. 

• Weightage in Board Examination: This chapter belongs to the Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour. This unit alone holds a total weightage of 25 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • Balanced chemical equations 
  • Decomposition reaction 
  • Displacement reaction
  • Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions 

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Acids, Bases and Salts

An acid is defined as a substance whose water solution tastes sour, turns blue litmus red and neutralizes bases. A substance is called base if its aqueous solution tastes bitter, turns red litmus blue or neutralizes acids. Salt is a neutral substance whose aqueous solution does not affect litmus. 

• Weightage: This chapter belongs to the Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour. This unit alone holds a total weightage of 25 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • ​Importance of pH in everyday life 
  • Difference Between Baking Soda and Baking Powder
  • Difference Between Alkali and Base
  • Acid Test
  • Dilution formula
  • List of strong acids
  • Milk Of Magnesia

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Metals and Non-metals

Metals are elements that are hard due to the presence of a strong metallic connection between the atoms. Non-metals are soft components.

• Weightage: This chapter belongs to the Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour. This unit alone holds a total weightage of 25 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • Basic metallurgical processes 
  • Thermal Conductivity
  • Metals and Non-Metals 

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Carbon and its Compounds

Carbon compounds are compounds whose molecules contain a carbon atom. They are chemical substances where a carbon atom has bonded to an atom of another element. 

• Weightage: This chapter belongs to the Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour. This unit alone holds a total weightage of 25 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • Covalent bonding in carbon compounds 
  • Difference between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons 
  • Chemical properties of carbon compounds
  • Uses of Methanol and Ethanol
  • Soaps and Detergents
  • Isomerism

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Periodic Classification of Elements

Periodic classification of elements is the method by which elements are grouped on the basis of their characteristics i.e. we keep the elements that are alike in one group and the rest of the elements in the other group. 

• Important Topics:
  • Dobereiner’s Triads 
  • Newland’s Law of Octaves 
  • Mendeleev’s Periodic Table 
  • Modern periodic table 

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Please note: As per updated Class 10 Science Syllabus 2022-23, Chapter 5: Periodic Classification of Elements has been deleted. 

Life Processes

Life processes are the common essential processes or things that a living thing has to perform for them to live or survive.

• Weightage: This chapter belongs to the Unit II: World of Living. This unit holds a total weightage of 25 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • Living Being 
  • Basic concept of nutrition 
  • Respiration 
  • Blood Pressure Symptoms

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Control and Coordination

Control is defined as the power of restraining and regulating by which a process can be started, regulated in pace to speed up or slow down or stop completely. Coordination can be defined as the working together of the different systems of an organism in order to produce an appropriate reaction to stimuli. 

• Weightage: This chapter belongs to the Unit II: World of Living. This unit holds a total weightage of 25 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • Tropic movements in plants 
  • Introduction of plant hormones 
  • Control and co-ordination in animals 
  • Nervous system 
  • Chemical co-ordination: Animal Hormones

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Reproduction

Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce new individuals similar to themselves. 

• Weightage: This chapter belongs to the Unit II: World of Living. This unit holds a total weightage of 25 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual)
  • Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS 
  • How do Organisms Reproduce?
  • Female Reproductive System

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Heredity and Evolution

Heredity describes the biological processes by which certain characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring. Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over many generations.

• Weightage: This chapter belongs to the Unit II: World of Living. This unit holds a total weightage of 25 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • Heredity 
  • Mendel’s contribution 
  • Laws for inheritance of traits 
  • Sex determination
• Excluded Topics (As per updated Class 10 Science Syllabus 2022-23): 
  • Evolution 
  • Evolution and classification

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Light – Reflection and Refraction

Light reflection occurs when a ray of light bounces off a surface and changes direction. 

• Weightage: This chapter belongs to the Unit III: Natural Phenomena. This unit holds a total weightage of 12 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • Reflection of light by curved surfaces 
  • Images formed by spherical mirrors
  • Refraction 
  • Refractive index
  • Refraction of light by spherical lens 

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The Human Eye and the Colourful World

The human eye is the most significant one as it enables us to see the beautiful, colourful world around us.

• Weightage: This chapter belongs to the Unit III: Natural Phenomena. This unit holds a total weightage of 12 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • Functioning of a lens in human eye 
  • Defects of vision and their corrections 
  • Applications of spherical mirrors and lenses

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Electricity

Electricity is defined as the rate of flow of charges in a conductor. 

• Weightage: This chapter belongs to the Unit IV: Effects of Current. This unit holds a total weightage of 13 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • Ohm’s law 
  • Resistance 
  • Heating effect of electric current

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Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Electric current has two effects; heating effect and magnetic effect. 

• Weightage: This chapter belongs to the Unit IV: Effects of Current. This unit holds a total weightage of 13 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • Magnetic field 
  • Fleming’s Left Hand Rule 
  • Direct current 

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Sources of Energy

The sources of energy can be classified as Renewable and Non-Renewable sources of energy.  

• Important Topics:
  • Poisson's Ratio
  • Nuclear fusion
  • Fossil Fuel
  • Geothermal Energy
  • Non Renewable Energy

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Please note: As per updated Class 10 Science Syllabus 2022-23, Chapter 14: Sources of Energy has been deleted. 

Our Environment

Our Environment comprises of three components – natural components (air, water, land & living things), human components (individual, family, community), and human-made components (roads, monuments, industries), and is a combination of natural and human-made phenomena.

• Weightage: This chapter belongs to the Unit IV: Natural Resources. This unit holds a total weightage of 05 Marks.
• Important Topics:
  • Eco-system 
  • Environmental problems 
  • Ozone depletion
  • Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances

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Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

Sustainable management examples include the quality of air and drinking water, and pro- tection from natural hazards such as floods and avalanches. resource use will continue to be of value to the society over the long term.

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Please note: As per updated Class 10 Science Syllabus 2022-23, Chapter 16: Sources of Energy will not be assessed in the year-end examination. This may be for Internal Assessment and credit may be given Periodic Assessment/Portfolio).

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